1866 Cherokee
Treaty
Articles of agreement and convention at the city
of Washington on the nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, between the United States,
represented by Dennis N. Cooley, Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
Elijah Sells, superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern
superintendence, and the Cherokee Nation of Indians, represented by its
delegates, James McDaniel, Smith Christie, White Catcher, S. H. Benge,
J. B. Jones, and Daniel H. Ross, John Ross, principal chief of the
Cherokees, being too unwell to join in these negotiations.
PREAMBLE
Whereas existing treaties between the United States and the Cherokee
Nation are deemed to be insufficient, the said contracting parties
agree as follows, viz:
ARTICLE 1
The pretended treaty made with the so-called Confederate States by the
Cherokee Nation on the seventh day of October, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one, and repudiated by the national council of the Cherokee
Nation on the eighteenth day of February, eighteen hundred and
sixty-three, is hereby declared to be void.
ARTICLE 2
Amnesty is hereby declared by the United States and the Cherokee Nation
for all crimes and misdemeanors committed by one Cherokee on the person
or property of another Cherokee, or of a citizen of the United States,
prior to the fourth day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-six; and no
right of action arising out of wrongs committed in aid or in the
suppression of the rebellion shall be prosecuted or maintained in the
courts of the United States or in the courts of the Cherokee Nation.
But the Cherokee Nation stipulate and agree to deliver up to the United
States, or their duly authorized agent, any or all public property,
particularly ordnance, ordnance stores, arms of all kinds, and
quartermaster's stores, in their possession or control, which belonged
to the United States or the so-called Confederate States, without any
reservation.
ARTICLE 3
The confiscation laws of the Cherokee Nation shall be repealed, and the
same, and all sales of farms, and improvements on real estate, made or
pretended to be made in pursuance thereof, are hereby agreed and
declared to be null and void, and the former owners of such property so
sold, their heirs or assigns, shall have the right peaceably to
re-occupy their homes, and the purchaser under the confiscation laws,
or his heirs or assigns, shall be repaid by the treasurer of the
Cherokee Nation from the national funds, the money paid for said
property and the cost of permanent improvements on such real estate,
made thereon since the confiscation sale; the cost of such improvements
to be fixed by a commission, to be composed of one person designated by
the Secretary of the Interior and one by the principal chief of the
nation, which two may appoint a third in cases of disagreement, which
cost so fixed shall be refunded to the national treasurer by the
returning Cherokees within three years from the ratification hereof.
ARTICLE 4
All the Cherokees and freed persons who were formerly slaves to any
Cherokee, and all free negroes not having been such slaves, who resided
in the Cherokee Nation prior to June first, eighteen hundred and
sixty-one, who may within two years elect not to reside northeast of
the Arkansas River and southeast of Grand River, shall have the right
to settle in and occupy the Canadian district southwest of the Arkansas
River, and also all that tract of country lying northwest of Grand
River, and bounded on the southeast by Grand River and west by the
Creek reservation to the northeast corner thereof; from thence west on
the north line of the Creek reservation to the ninety-sixth degree of
west longitude; and thence north on said line of longitude so far that
a line due east to Grand River will include a quantity of land equal to
one hundred and sixty acres for each person who may so elect to reside
in the territory above-described in this article: Provided, That that
part of said district north of the Arkansas River shall not be set
apart until it shall be found that the Canadian district is not
sufficiently large to allow one hundred and sixty acres to each person
desiring to obtain settlement under the provisions of this article.
ARTICLE 5
The inhabitants electing to reside in the district described in the
preceding article shall have the right to elect all their local
officers and judges, and the number of delegates to which by their
numbers they may be entitled in any general council to be established
in the Indian Territory under the provisions of this treaty, as stated
in Article XII, and to control all their local affairs, and to
establish all necessary police regulations and rules for the
administration of justice in said district, not inconsistent with the
constitution of the Cherokee Nation or the laws of the United States;
Provided, The Cherokees residing in said district shall enjoy all the
rights and privileges of other Cherokees who may elect to settle in
said district as hereinbefore provided, and shall hold the same rights
and privileges and be subject to the same liabilities as those who
elect to settle in said district under the provisions of this treaty;
Provided also, That if any such police regulations or rules be adopted
which, in the opinion of the President, bear oppressively on any
citizen of the nation, he may suspend the same. And all rules or
regulations in said district, or in any other district of the nation,
discriminating against the citizens of other districts, are prohibited,
and shall be void.
ARTICLE 6
The inhabitants of the said district hereinbefore described shall be
entitled to representation according to numbers in the national
council, and all laws of the Cherokee Nation shall be uniform
throughout said nation. And should any such law, either in its
provisions or in the manner of its enforcement, in the opinion of the
President of the United States, operate unjustly or injuriously in said
district, he is hereby authorized and empowered to correct such evil,
and to adopt the means necessary to secure the impartial administration
of justice, as well as a fair and equitable application and expenditure
of the national funds as between the people of this and of every other
district in said nation.
ARTICLE 7
The United States court to be created in the Indian Territory; and
until such court is created therein, the United States district court,
the nearest to the Cherokee Nation, shall have exclusive original
jurisdiction of all causes, civil and criminal, wherein an inhabitant
of the district hereinbefore described shall be a party, and where an
inhabitant outside of said district, in the Cherokee Nation, shall be
the other party, as plaintiff or defendant in a civil cause, or shall
be defendant or prosecutor in a criminal case, and all process issued
in said district by any officer of the Cherokee Nation, to be executed
on an inhabitant residing outside of said district, and all process
issued by any officer of the Cherokee Nation outside of said district,
to be executed on an inhabitant residing in said district, shall be to
all intents and purposes null and void, unless indorsed by the district
judge for the district where such process is to be served, and said
person, so arrested, shall be held in custody by the officer so
arresting him, until he shall be delivered over to the United States
marshal, or consent to be tried by the Cherokee court: Provided, That
any or all the provisions of this treaty, which make any distinction in
rights and remedies between the citizens of any district and the
citizens of the rest of the nation, shall be abrogated whenever the
President shall have ascertained, by an election duly ordered by him,
that a majority of the voters of such district desire them to be
abrogated, and he shall have declared such abrogation: And provided
further, That no law or regulation, to be hereafter enacted within said
Cherokee Nation or any district thereof, prescribing a penalty for its
violation, shall take effect or be enforced until after ninety days
from the date of its promulgation, either by publication in one or more
newspapers of general circulation in said Cherokee Nation, or by
posting up copies thereof in the Cherokee and English languages in each
district where the same is to take effect, at the usual place of
holding district courts.
ARTICLE 8
No license to trade in goods, wares, or merchandise merchandise shall
be granted by the United States to trade in the Cherokee Nation, unless
approved by the Cherokee national council, except in the Canadian
district, and such other district north of Arkansas River and west of
Grand River occupied by the so-called southern Cherokees, as provided
in Article 4 of this treaty.
ARTICLE 9
The Cherokee Nation having, voluntarily, in February, eighteen hundred
and sixty-three, by an act of the national council, forever abolished
slavery, hereby covenant and agree that never hereafter shall either
slavery or involuntary servitude exist in their nation otherwise than
in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, in accordance with laws applicable to all the members of
said tribe alike. They further agree that all freedmen who have been
liberated by voluntary act of their former owners or by law, as well as
all free colored persons who were in the country at the commencement of
the rebellion, and are now residents therein, or who may return within
six months, and their descendants, shall have all the rights of native
Cherokees: Provided, That owners of slaves so emancipated in the
Cherokee Nation shall never receive any compensation or pay for the
slaves so emancipated.
ARTICLE 10
Every Cherokee and freed person resident in the Cherokee Nation shall
have the right to sell any products of his farm, including his or her
live stock, or any merchandise or manufactured products, and to ship
and drive the same to market without restraint, paying any tax thereon
which is now or may be levied by the United States on the quantity sold
outside of the Indian Territory.
ARTICLE 11
The Cherokee Nation hereby grant a right of way not exceeding two
hundred feet wide, except at stations, switches, water stations, or
crossing of rivers, where more may be indispensable to the full
enjoyment of the franchise herein granted, and then only two hundred
additional feet shall be taken, and only for such length as may be
absolutely necessary, through all their lands, to any company or
corporation which shall be duly authorized by Congress to construct a
railroad from any point north to any point south, and from any point
east to any point west of, and which may pass through, the Cherokee
Nation. Said company or corporation, and their employees and laborers,
while constructing and repairing the same, and in operating said road
or roads, including all necessary agents on the line, at stations,
switches, water tanks, and all others necessary to the successful
operation of a railroad, shall be protected in the discharge of their
duties, and at all times subject to the Indian intercourse laws, now or
which may hereafter be enacted and be in force in the Cherokee Nation.
ARTICLE 12
The Cherokees agree that a general council, consisting of delegates
elected by each nation or tribe lawfully residing within the Indian
Territory, may be annually convened in said Territory, which council
shall be organized in such manner and possess such powers as
hereinafter prescribed.
1st After the ratification of this treaty, and as soon as may be
deemed practicable by the Secretary of the Interior, and prior to the
first session of said council, a census or enumeration of each tribe
lawfully resident in said Territory shall be taken under the direction
of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who for that purpose is hereby
authorized to designate and appoint competent persons, whose
compensation shall be fixed by the Secretary of the Interior, and paid
by the United States.
2nd The first general council shall consist of one member from
each tribe, and an additional member for each one thousand Indians, or
each fraction of a thousand greater than five hundred, being members of
any tribe lawfully resident in said Territory, and shall be selected by
said tribes respectively, who may assent to the establishment of said
general council; and if none should be thus formally selected by any
nation or tribe so assenting, the said nation or tribe shall be
represented in said general council by the chief or chiefs and headmen
of said tribes, to be taken in the order of their rank as recognized in
tribal usage, in the same number and proportion as above indicated.
After the said census shall have been taken and completed, the
superintendent of Indian affairs shall publish and declare to each
tribe assenting to the establishment of such council the number of
members of such council to which they shall be entitled under the
provisions of this article, and the persons entitled to represent said
tribes shall meet at such time and place as he shall approve; but
thereafter the time and place of the sessions of said council shall be
determined by its action: Provided, That no session in any one year
shall exceed the term of thirty days: And provided, That special
sessions of said council may be called by the Secretary of the Interior
whenever in his judgment the interest of said tribes shall require such
special session.
3rd Said general council shall have power to legislate upon
matters pertaining to the intercourse and relations of the Indian
tribes and nations and colonies of freedmen resident in said Territory;
the arrest and extradition of criminals and offenders escaping from one
tribe to another, or into any community of freedmen; the administration
of justice between members of different tribes of said Territory and
persons other than Indians and members of said tribes or nations; and
the common defence and safety of the nations of said Territory. All
laws enacted by such council shall take effect at such time as may
therein be provided, unless suspended by direction of the President of
the United States. No law shall be enacted inconsistent with the
Constitution of the United States, or laws of Congress, or existing
treaty stipulations with the United States. Nor shall said council
legislate upon matters other than those above indicated: Provided,
however, That the legislative power of such general council may be
enlarged by the consent of the national council of each nation or tribe
assenting to its establishment, with the approval of the President of
the United States.
4th Said council shall be presided over by such person as may be
designated by the Secretary of the Interior.
5th The council shall elect a secretary, whose duty it shall be
to keep an accurate record of all the proceedings of said council, and
who shall transmit a true copy of all such proceedings, duly certified
by the presiding officer of such council, to the Secretary of the
Interior, and to each tribe or nation represented in said council,
immediately after the sessions of said council shall terminate. He
shall be paid out of the Treasury of the United States an annual salary
of five hundred dollars. Sixth. The members of said council shall be
paid by the United States the sum of four dollars per diem during the
term actually in attendance on the sessions of said council, and at the
rate of four dollars for every twenty miles necessarily traveled by
them in going from and returning to their homes, respectively, from
said council, to be certified by the secretary and president of the
said council.
ARTICLE 13
The Cherokees also agree that a court or courts may be established by
the United States in said Territory, with such jurisdiction and
organized in such manner as may be prescribed by law: Provided, That
the judicial tribunals of the nation shall be allowed to retain
exclusive jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases arising within
their country in which members of the nation, by nativity or adoption,
shall be the only parties, or where the cause of action shall arise in
the Cherokee Nation, except as otherwise provided in this treaty.
ARTICLE 14
The right to the use and occupancy of a quantity of land not exceeding
one hundred and sixty acres, to be selected according to legal
subdivisions in one body, and to include their improvements, and not
including the improvements of any member of the Cherokee Nation, is
hereby granted to every society or denomination which has erected, or
which with the consent of the national council may hereafter erect,
buildings within the Cherokee country for missionary or educational
purposes. But no land thus granted, nor buildings which have been or
may be erected thereon, shall ever be sold or [o]therwise disposed of
except with the consent and approval of the Cherokee national council
and the Secretary of the Interior. And whenever any such lands or
buildings shall be sold or disposed of, the proceeds thereof shall be
applied by said society or societies for like purposes within said
nation, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior.
ARTICLE 15
The United States may settle any civilized Indians, friendly with the
Cherokees and adjacent tribes, within the Cherokee country, on
unoccupied lands east of 96°, on such terms as may be agreed upon
by any such tribe and the Cherokees, subject to the approval of the
President of the United States, which shall be consistent with the
following provisions, viz: Should any such tribe or band of Indians
settling in said country abandon their tribal organization, there being
first paid into the Cherokee national fund a sum of money which shall
sustain the same proportion to the then existing national fund that the
number of Indians sustain to the whole number of Cherokees then
residing in the Cherokee country, they shall be incorporated into and
ever after remain a part of the Cherokee Nation, on equal terms in
every respect with native citizens. And should any such tribe, thus
settling in said country, decide to preserve their tribal
organizations, and to maintain their tribal laws, customs, and usages,
not inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the Cherokee Nation,
they shall have a district of country set off for their use by metes
and bounds equal to one hundred and sixty acres, if they should so
decide, for each man, woman, and child of said tribe, and shall pay for
the same into the national fund such price as may be agreed on by them
and the Cherokee Nation, subject to the approval of the President of
the United States, and in cases of disagreement the price to be fixed
by the President. And the said tribe thus settled shall also pay into
the national fund a sum of money, to be agreed on by the respective
parties, not greater in proportion to the whole existing national fund
and the probable proceeds of the lands herein ceded or authorized to be
ceded or sold than their numbers bear to the whole number of Cherokees
then residing in said country, and thence afterwards they shall enjoy
all the rights of native Cherokees. But no Indians who have no tribal
organizations, or who shall determine to abandon their tribal
organizations, shall be permitted to settle east of the 96° of
longitude without the consent of the Cherokee national council, or of a
delegation duly appointed by it, being first obtained. And no Indians
who have and determine to preserve the tribal organizations shall be
permitted to settle, as herein provided, east of the 96° of
longitude without such consent being first obtained, unless the
President of the United States, after a full hearing of the objections
offered by said council or delegation to such settlement, shall
determine that the objections are insufficient, in which case he may
authorize the settlement of such tribe east of the 96° of
longitude.
ARTICLE 16
The United States may settle friendly Indians in any part of the
Cherokee country west of 96°, to be taken in a compact form in
quantity not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres for each member of
each of said tribes thus to be settled; the boundaries of each of said
districts to be distinctly marked, and the land conveyed in fee-simple
to each of said tribes to be held in common or by their members in
severalty as the United States may decide. Said lands thus disposed of
to be paid for to the Cherokee Nation at such price as may be agreed on
between the said parties in interest, subject to the approval of the
President; and if they should not agree, then the price to be fixed by
the President. The Cherokee Nation to retain the right of possession of
and jurisdiction over all of said country west of 96° of longitude
until thus sold and occupied, after which their jurisdiction and right
of possession to terminate forever as to each of said districts thus
sold and occupied.
ARTICLE 17
The Cherokee Nation hereby cedes, in trust to the United States, the
tract of land in the State of Kansas which was sold to the Cherokees by
the United States, under the provisions of the second article of the
treaty of 1835; and also that strip of the land ceded to the nation by
the fourth article of said treaty which is included in the State of
Kansas, and the Cherokees consent that said lands may be included in
the limits and jurisdiction of the said State. The lands herein ceded
shall be surveyed as the public lands of the United States are
surveyed, under the direction of the Commissioner of the General
Land-Office, and shall be appraised by two disinterested persons, one
to be designated by the Cherokee national council and one by the
Secretary of the Interior, and, in case of disagreement, by a third
person, to be mutually selected by the aforesaid appraisers. The
appraisement to be not less than an average of one dollar and a quarter
per acre, exclusive of improvements. And the Secretary of the Interior
shall, from time to time, as such surveys and appraisements are
approved by him, after due advertisements for sealed bids, sell such
lands to the highest bidders for cash, in parcels not exceeding one
hundred and sixty acres, and at not less than the appraised value:
Provided, That whenever there are improvements of the value of fifty
dollars made on the lands not being mineral, and owned and personally
occupied by any person for agricultural purposes at the date of the
signing hereof, such person so owning, and in person residing on such
improvements, shall, after due proof, made under such regulations as
the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe, be entitled to buy, at the
appraised value, the smallest quantity of land in legal subdivisions
which will include his improvements, not exceeding in the aggregate one
hundred and sixty acres; the expenses of survey and appraisement to be
paid by the Secretary out of the proceeds of sale of said land:
Provided, That nothing in this article shall prevent the Secretary of
the Interior from selling the whole of said lands not occupied by
actual settlers at the date of the ratification of this treaty, not
exceeding one hundred and sixty acres to each person entitled to
pre-emption under the pre-emption laws of the United States, in a body,
to any responsible party, for cash, for a sum not less than one dollar
per acre.
ARTICLE 18
That any lands owned by the Cherokees in the State of Arkansas and in
States east of the Mississippi may be sold by the Cherokee Nation in
such manner as their national council may prescribe, all such sales
being first approved by the Secretary of the Interior.
ARTICLE 19
All Cherokees being heads of families residing at the date of the
ratification of this treaty on any of the lands herein ceded, or
authorized to be sold, and desiring to remove to the reserved country,
shall be paid by the purchasers of said lands the value of such
improvements, to be ascertained and appraised by the commissioners who
appraise the lands, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the
Interior; and if he shall elect to remain on the land now occupied by
him, shall be entitled to receive a patent from the United States in
fee-simple for three hundred and twenty acres of land to include his
improvements, and thereupon he and his family shall cease to be members
of the nation. And the Secretary of the Interior shall also be
authorized to pay the reasonable costs and expenses of the delegates of
the southern Cherokees. The moneys to be paid under this article shall
be paid out of the proceeds of the sales of the national lands in
Kansas.
ARTICLE 20
Whenever the Cherokee national council shall request it, the Secretary
of the Interior shall cause the country reserved for the Cherokees to
be surveyed and allotted among them, at the expense of the United
States.
ARTICLE 21
It being difficult to learn the precise boundary line between the
Cherokee country and the States of Arkansas, Missouri, and Kansas, it
is agreed that the United States shall, at its own expense, cause the
same to be run as far west as the Arkansas, and marked by permanent and
conspicuous monuments, by two commissioners, one of whom shall be
designated by the Cherokee national council.
ARTICLE 22
The Cherokee national council, or any duly appointed delegation
thereof, shall have the privilege to appoint an agent to examine the
accounts of the nation with the Government of the United States at such
time as they may see proper, and to continue or discharge such agent,
and to appoint another, as may be thought best by such council or
delegation; and such agent shall have free access to all accounts and
books in the executive departments relating to the business of said
Cherokee Nation, and an opportunity to examine the same in the presence
of the officer having such books and papers in charge.
ARTICLE 23
All funds now due the nation, or that may hereafter accrue from the
sale of their lands by the United States, as hereinbefore provided for,
shall be invested in the United States registered stocks at their
current value, and the interest on all said funds shall be paid
semi-annually on the order of the Cherokee Nation, and shall be applied
to the following purposes, to wit: Thirty-five per cent. shall be
applied for the support of the common-schools of the nation and
educational purposes; fifteen per cent. for the orphan fund, and fifty
per cent. for general purposes, including reasonable salaries of
district officers; and the Secretary of the Interior, with the approval
of the President of the United States, may pay out of the funds due the
nation, on the order of the national council or a delegation duly
authorized by it, such amount as he may deem necessary to meet
outstanding obligations of the Cherokee Nation, caused by the
suspension of the payment of their annuities, not to exceed the sum of
one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
ARTICLE 24
As a slight testimony for the useful and arduous services of the Rev.
Evan Jones, for forty years a missionary in the Cherokee Nation, now a
cripple, old and poor, it is agreed that the sum of three thousand
dollars be paid to him, under the direction of the Secretary of the
Interior, out of any Cherokee fund in or to come into his hands not
otherwise appropriated.
ARTICLE 25
A large number of the Cherokees who served in the Army of the United
States having died, leaving no heirs entitled to receive bounties and
arrears of pay on account of such service, it is agreed that all
bounties and arrears for service in the regiments of Indian United
States volunteers which shall remain unclaimed by any person legally
entitled to receive the same for two years from the ratification of
this treaty, shall be paid as the national council may direct, to be
applied to the foundation and support of an asylum for the education of
orphan children, which asylum shall be under the control of the
national council, or of such benevolent society as said council may
designate, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior.
ARTICLE 26
The United States guarantee to the people of the Cherokee Nation the
quiet and peaceable possession of their country and protection against
domestic feuds and insurrections, and against hostilities of other
tribes. They shall also be protected against inter[r]uptions or
intrusion from all unauthorized citizens of the United States who may
attempt to settle on their lands or reside in their territory. In case
of hostilities among the Indian tribes, the United States agree that
the party or parties commencing the same shall, so far as practicable,
make reparation for the damages done.
ARTICLE 27
The United States shall have the right to establish one or more
military posts or stations in the Cherokee Nation, as may be deemed
necessary for the proper protection of the citizens of the United
States lawfully residing therein and the Cherokee and other citizens of
the Indian country. But no sutler or other person connected therewith,
either in or out of the military organization, shall be permitted to
introduce any spiritous, vinous, or malt liquors into the Cherokee
Nation, except the medical department proper, and by them only for
strictly medical purposes. And all persons not in the military service
of the United States, not citizens of the Cherokee Nation, are to be
prohibited from coming into the Cherokee Nation, or remaining in the
same, except as herein otherwise provided; and it is the duty of the
United States Indian agent for the Cherokees to have such persons, not
lawfully residing or sojourning therein, removed from the nation, as
they now are, or hereafter may be, required by the Indian intercourse
laws of the United States.
ARTICLE 28
The United States hereby agree to pay for provisions and clothing
furnished the army under Appotholehala in the winter of 1861 and 1862,
not to exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars, the accounts to be
ascertained and settled by the Secretary of the Interior.
ARTICLE 29
The sum of ten thousand dollars or so much thereof as may be necessary
to pay the expenses of the delegates and representatives of the
Cherokees invited by the Government to visit Washington for the
purposes of making this treaty, shall be paid by the United States on
the ratification of this treaty.
ARTICLE 30
The United States agree to pay to the proper claimants all losses of
property by missionaries or missionary societies, resulting from their
being ordered or driven from the country by United States agents, and
from their property being taken and occupied or destroyed by by United
States troops, not exceeding in the aggregate twenty thousand dollars,
to be ascertained by the Secretary of the Interior.
ARTICLE 31
All provisions of treaties heretofore ratified and in force, and not
inconsistent with the provisions of this treaty, are hereby re-affirmed
and declared to be in full force; and nothin herein shall be construed
as an acknowledgment by the United States, or as a relinquishment by
the Cherokee Nation of any claims or demands under the guarantees of
former treaties, except as herein expressly provided.
In testimony whereof, the said commissioners on the part of the United
States, and the said delegation on the part of the Cherokee Nation,
have hereunto set their hands and seals at the city of Washington, this
nineteenth day of July, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
D. N. Cooley, Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Elijah Sells, Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
Smith Christie,
White Catcher,
James McDaniel,
S. H. Benge,
Danl. H. Ross,
J. B. Jones.
Delegates of the Cherokee Nation, appointed by Resolution of the
National Council.
In presence of—
W. H. Watson,
J. W. Wright.
Signatures witnessed by the following-named persons, the following
interlineations being made before signing: On page 1st the word “the”
interlined, on page 11 the word “the” struck out, and to said page 11
sheet attached requiring publication of laws; and on page 34th the word
“ceded” struck out and the words “neutral lands” inserted. Page
47½ added relating to expenses of treaty.
Thomas Ewing, jr.
Wm. A. Phillips,
J. W. Wright.